Directory of health resources for healthcare professionals.

It may give you little comfort to know that most of the symptoms of a cold are caused, not by the cold virus attacking you, but by your body’s immune system attacking the virus. In other words, you feel worse because you’re getting better.
Enter the virus: In a sneak attack you have no way of detecting, cold viruses enter the upper respiratory tract through the nose or are transported there through the eyes.
The viral attack: Viruses that do not get entrapped and flushed out by the tiny hairs and mucus that line the nasal passages can penetrate the layer of mucus and attach themselves to cells in the throat, where they multiply and disperse throughout the nose and throat. At this point, you still have no reason to suspect an impending cold.
Body cells fight back: Within an hour of the viral attack, throat cells injured by the virus launch a counterattack, releasing chemicals that trigger inflammation and attract white blood cells to fight off the infection. As a result, the tissues become red and begin to swell, though you probably are still unaware of what lies ahead.
Reinforcements arrive: White blood cells called macrophages— the “gobblers” of the immune system—arrive to engulf the invading viruses. This attack triggers the release of several infection-fighting proteins.
Symptoms blossom: About a day after the throat cells become infected, the developing inflammation causes a sore throat and the defensive proteins that are released induce chills and muscle aches. These proteins also combine with blood in the nose to cause nasal swelling—that unmistakable feeling of congestion—and a runny nose. The excess mucus, in turn, can trigger a cough.
Symptoms subside: The immune system begins to get the upper hand within 3 to 7 days of the viral invasion. Inflammation subsides, mucus production gradually returns to normal, and you start to feel significantly better.
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SOMETIMES CHILDREN WHO are exposed to allergens show indications of an impending attack hours or even days before it takes place or before the wheeze becomes audible.
While, these indicators may vary from one child to another if appropriate action is taken at an early stage, a full blown attack can be avoided.
An awareness of these symptoms and signs can help parents manage the illness better and also helps ward off a severe attack.
Early Warning Signs
Changes in mood . . .
Aggressive, overactive, grouchy,
tired, easily upset.
Changes in facial
Dark circles under eyes, pale face,
features . . .
flared nostrils
Changes in breathing
Coughing, taking deep breaths,
pattern . . .
breathing through mouth.
Changes described
Fatigue, tight chest, chest filling
by the child . . .
up, chest hurts, dry mouth.
Other changes.. .
Listlessness, voice change,
swollen face, quickening pulse.
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The monthly cycle of ovulation and menstruation is regulated by hormones secreted by the pituitary and the ovaries. Menopause technically refers to the total cessation of menstrual periods, the end of a woman’s capacity to have children. This change is the culmination of an ongoing phase called the climacteric. About fifteen years before menopause, during a woman’s late thirties and forties, her reproductive system gradually functions less well. Ovulation and menstruation become increasingly irregular; the chances of miscarrying or bearing a child with a birth defect increase; the ability to get pregnant lessens. This falling off of reproductive capacity and its finale, menopause, is orchestrated largely by a decrease in the female hormone estrogen.
Estrogen depletion has no direct effect on sexual desire; the male hormone testosterone, present in the female body too, regulates the intensity of the sex drive in both women and men. However, it indirectly affects a woman’s enjoyment of sex because it dramatically alters the vagina and surrounding tissues, ultimately causing many women discomfort during intercourse. During a woman’s childbearing years, the walls of the vagina have thick, cushiony folds that expand easily to admit a penis or accommodate childbirth. After menopause, the vaginal walls thin out and become smoother and more fragile. The vagina also shortens, and its opening narrows. The size of the clitoris and labia decreases. There also is a diminution in the amount of sexual lubrication. It tends to take longer after arousal for a woman to begin lubricating, and fluid is never produced as copiously as before.
Unfortunately, these changes tend to happen at the same time as a woman’s partner may be having difficulties with erection. The combination of a drier and less penetrable vagina and a penis less able to penetrate causes some older couples real trouble with intercourse. One method of easing the problem was suggested earlier, using a lubricant – either lovemaking oil, K-Y jelly, or any substance that makes the vagina less dry. The Kegal exercises recommended stimulating vaginal tone after childbirth may also help strengthen the vagina. Or relief may be found by a somewhat more controversial route, taking replacement estrogen.

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ASTIGMATISM

Astigmatism usually causes either long- or short-sightedness. It is caused by a misshapen cornea, which is the transparent membrane covering the pupil of the eye, and which bends light onto the back of the eye. Glasses with special lenses can usually correct this problem.

BLINDNESS

Blindness can be either partial or full; the term ‘visually impaired’ is preferred nowadays. Approximately 1 in 2000 children are visually impaired in Australia.

Cause

These are numerous, but include congenital abnormalities (present at birth), cataracts, and trauma to either the eye, or the area of the brain that processes visual images.

Clinical features

A visually impaired baby will have difficulty focusing on your face or on objects at 4-5 weeks of age. His eyes may move rapidly from side to side (nystagmus) while trying to focus on something. If he does not react to a bright light being turned on in the room, this may indicate serious visual impairment.

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LEAVING YOUR CHILDREN SOMETHING TO LOVE BY: SOME ANSWERS TO THESE MISASSUMPTIONS REGARDING SEXUALITY

Here are some answers to these misassumptions regarding sexuality. In each of the twelve areas, I have included a quote from sessions with the children of the thousand couples to illustrate their concerns. The parents in the couples program were present for family sexual counseling sessions as a part of their super marital | sex program. Such sessions were optional, but 63 percent of the couples elected to have them. Fifty-two percent of those couples I requested additional sexual counseling sessions with their children, j I have found that dealing with the entire family system, not just the marital couple, is most effective in clinical work. The couples I am now seeing are electing this approach at an almost 75 percent frequency.

If you get turned on, you know, you get homy-like, you really don’t know what you’re doing. You might do anything. You can’t control it, so you shouldn’t get a boy turned on. You could end up attacked and not even know what happened to you.

TWELVE-YEAR-OLD GIRL

Make sure you understand one thing about sex. You always are in control. It is just a story, a made-up thing, that you get out of control. Unless you do something dumb like take drugs or drink alcohol, you always know what you are doing, even when you are enjoying getting turned on in sex. Boys always know, too, even if they get really turned on. If you or the boy keeps saying that you just might not know what you are doing, then it can be an excuse for doing anything, for fooling yourself and each other. Your parents know that everything in life is a decision, and that applies to sex.

    Boys are always turned on. It’s all they ever think about. Just walk

down the hall at school, and they are ready to jump you. They say

things all the time. Boys are just all sexed up.

FOURTEEN-YEAR-OLD GIRL

You’re right that it seems like boys are always all sexed up, because they seem to act that way when they are around each other. When you talk to them alone, face to face and seriously, you will find that they are not different from you. It’s just like with giris. There are certain ways you have to act to belong to the right group, to fit in. We all do that, even as adults. Some girls pretend they don’t ever think about sex, because that’s what other giris say, but everyone has strong sexual feelings sometimes. Remember, God didn’t give one set of feelings to boys and another to girls. Everybody got everything when it comes to feelings.

    Can’t you hurt yourself if you just fool around too much? I was told

that some guy had his testicles permanently enlarged by just playing

around and not going all the way. He said it was blue balls.

THIRTEEN-YEAR-OLD BOY

More people have gotten hurt, that is to say, have gotten into problems, by going all the way than not going all the way. There is no such thing as blue balls, and boys and girls cannot be hurt by not having intercourse after getting very aroused. As a matter of fact, feeling blue is more related to intercourse before you are really ready for it, so fooling around is a great choice if you feel enough love and respect to trust each other and really share the experience. Remember, there are ways to relieve the buildup of sexual feelings other than intercourse. Discuss some of these options with your parents.

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I’ve heard it said that men can be multiply orgasmic, but I never met one. Some of them are not only not multiple, they don’t even seem to be fractional.

WIFE

Masters and Johnson state, “Men are not able to have multiple orgasm.” They report this because in their view orgasm is a physiological response accompanied by feelings associated to these responses. They see the body as directing the mind. It is a fact however, that the mind also directs the body, and while men cannot continue to ejaculate indefinitely, they can have multiple experiences of pelvic contractions. “It was something unique. I almost thought I was broken,” reported one husband. “I couldn’t ejaculate, but I kept on being able to contract, to have spasms down there, like when I was a kid.”

Before øåé find female partners, they are taught to “get off quick” to avoid being caught while masturbating. After they find female partners, they struggle to last longer for fear of being seen as inadequate. Masters and Johnson report that the’ ‘quickest” time between ejaculations was about eight minutes in one of their male subjects. No one thought to ask the subject how he felt about each ejaculation.

Almost all pornographic films exploit not only women but men as well. Each scene ends with the mandatory ejaculatory episode, the indisputable evidence of male enjoyment. One producer of such films includes a hidden pump that shoots cream high into the air in large amounts. His men really enjoy sex! Men clustered around a projector or videotape player are being conditioned clearly to the fluid orientation.

Once free of this myth, men are not only able to be multiply orgasmic (not multiply ejaculatory), but they can also be multiply psychasmic. The men in my study cared less about numbers than they did about the experience of intimacy and fulfillment with their partner.

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